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STM32入门教程(HAL库).pdf

目录
(一) 硬件设计 .............................................................................. 13
第 1 章 YS-F1Pro 开发板硬件设计.....................................................................13
1.1 YS-F1Pro 开发板硬件资源 ..........................................................................13
1.2 YS-F1Pro 开发板跳帽配置说明 ..................................................................15
1.3 YS-F1Pro 开发板 IO 分配.............................................................................16
第 2 章 YS-F1Pro 开发板原理图详解.................................................................20
2.1 微控制器......................................................................................................20
2.2 FSMC—扩展 SRAM 和 TFT 液晶 .................................................................23
2.2.1 扩展 SRAM.......................................................................................23
2.2.2 LCD 液晶 ..........................................................................................24
2.3 电源管理......................................................................................................26
2.3.1 STM32F103 芯片供电 .....................................................................26
2.3.2 开发板供电......................................................................................27
2.4 SWD 和 ISP 下载接口..................................................................................29
2.4.1 SWD 下载接口.................................................................................29
2.4.2 ISP 下载方式....................................................................................31
2.5 数据存储设备..............................................................................................33
2.5.1 串行 Flash ........................................................................................33
2.5.2 串行 EEPROM ..................................................................................34
2.5.3 SD 卡 ................................................................................................36
2.5.4 USB 从设备（USB Device）............................................................36
2.6 数据传输—通信实现..................................................................................37
2.6.1 USART2—WiFi、GSM、GPS、蓝牙................................................37
2.6.2 USART3—RS-232、RS-485...............................................................39
2.6.3 CAN 通信 .........................................................................................40
2.6.4 红外接收解码..................................................................................40
2.6.5 2.4G 无线模块.................................................................................41
2.7 W5500 以太网模块.....................................................................................42
2.8 电机模块......................................................................................................44
2.8.1 步进电机..........................................................................................44
2.8.2 舵机..................................................................................................46
2.8.3 直流电机..........................................................................................48
2.9 AD 转换........................................................................................................49
2.10 其他功能电路..............................................................................................50
2.10.1 LED 灯电路 ......................................................................................50
2.10.2 独立按键..........................................................................................51
2.10.3 电容式按键......................................................................................52
2.10.4 蜂鸣器..............................................................................................53
2.10.5 温湿度传感器接口..........................................................................55
STM32 技术开发手册

2.10.6 摄像头接口......................................................................................55
2.10.7 所有 GPIO ........................................................................................56
第 3 章 3.5 寸液晶模组电路设计......................................................................58
3.1 液晶显示......................................................................................................58
3.2 电阻触摸实现..............................................................................................59
(二) 软件设计 .............................................................................. 61
第 4 章 HAL 库介绍...........................................................................................61
4.1 STM32 软件编程 .........................................................................................61
4.2 HAL 库是什么 ..............................................................................................62
4.3 HAL 库发展趋势 ..........................................................................................64
4.4 HAL 库特点 ..................................................................................................65
第 5 章 STM32CubeMX 安装及使用..................................................................68
5.1 STM32CubeMX 下载....................................................................................68
5.2 使用 CubeMX 新建工程..............................................................................70
第 6 章 KEIL v5 和 IAR 软件使用........................................................................88
6.1 KEIL v5 软件使用 .........................................................................................88
6.2 IAR 软件使用 ...............................................................................................96
第 7 章 寄存器................................................................................................109
7.1 寄存器定义................................................................................................109
7.2 微控制器....................................................................................................109
7.3 内部总线....................................................................................................111
7.4 存储器........................................................................................................113
7.4.1 存储器映射....................................................................................113
7.4.2 位带操作........................................................................................117
7.5 外设............................................................................................................118
7.6 I/O ..............................................................................................................120
7.7 时钟和复位................................................................................................122
7.7.1 复位................................................................................................122
7.7.2 时钟树............................................................................................124
第 8 章 Cortex-M3 内核 ..................................................................................127
8.1 CM3 内核简化模型...................................................................................127
8.2 寄存器........................................................................................................133
8.3 寄存器应用分类........................................................................................144
第 9 章 GPIO—流水灯.....................................................................................150
9.1 GPIO 介绍 ..................................................................................................150
9.2 GPIO 相关 ..................................................................................................158
9.3 LED 灯硬件设计.........................................................................................161
9.4 STM32CubeMX 生成工程..........................................................................162
9.5 GPIO 外设结构体 ......................................................................................164
9.6 GPIO 编程流程分析 ..................................................................................165
9.7 流水灯代码实现........................................................................................165
STM32 技术开发手册

9.8 蜂鸣器控制................................................................................................175
9.8.1 蜂鸣器驱动电路设计....................................................................175
9.8.2 蜂鸣器控制代码实现....................................................................176
第 10 章 工程文件结构和复位启动 ..................................................................179
10.1 stm32cubef1 ..............................................................................................179
10.2 例程文件结构............................................................................................182
10.3 启动代码....................................................................................................187
10.4 复位启动流程............................................................................................196
第 11 章 GPIO—按键输入扫描..........................................................................199
11.1 按键输入硬件设计....................................................................................199
11.2 STM32CubeMX 生成工程..........................................................................200
11.3 按键扫描编程流程分析............................................................................202
11.4 按键输入扫描代码实现............................................................................203
第 12 章 EXTI—按键中断输入...........................................................................207
12.1 NVIC—嵌套向量中断控制器....................................................................207
12.1.1 NVIC 寄存器...................................................................................208
12.1.2 中断优先级分组............................................................................210
12.1.3 优先级分组....................................................................................210
12.1.4 NVIC 相关函数...............................................................................211
12.1.5 中断配置实例................................................................................214
12.2 EXTI—外部中断/事件控制器....................................................................216
12.2.1 EXTI 功能框图分析........................................................................216
12.2.2 外部中断/事件线路映像..............................................................219
12.3 STM32CubeMX 生成工程..........................................................................220
12.4 按键中断编程流程分析............................................................................224
12.5 按键中断代码实现....................................................................................225
第 13 章 USART—RS-232 串口通信...................................................................230
13.1 串口通信协议............................................................................................230
13.1.1 物理层............................................................................................230
13.1.2 协议层。........................................................................................233
13.2 STM32 的 USART 简介...............................................................................234
13.3 串口通信硬件设计....................................................................................238
13.4 使用 CubeMX 软件生成 USART 工程.......................................................238
13.5 USART 结构体............................................................................................241
13.6 编程要点....................................................................................................243
13.7 USART 代码实现........................................................................................243
第 14 章 USART-指令控制.................................................................................248
14.1 USART 的调试应用....................................................................................248
14.2 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................248
14.3 编程要点....................................................................................................251
14.4 USART 串口指令代码实现........................................................................251
第 15 章 DMA—直接内存访问..........................................................................255
STM32 技术开发手册

15.1 DMA ...........................................................................................................255
15.2 DMA 功能框图 ..........................................................................................255
15.3 DMA 硬件设计 ..........................................................................................258
15.4 STM32CubeMX 生成工程..........................................................................258
15.5 DMA 外设结构体 ......................................................................................260
15.6 DMA 编程流程分析 ..................................................................................261
15.7 内存数据拷贝代码实现............................................................................262
第 16 章 DMA- USART1 接发.............................................................................265
16.1 DMA 存储器到外设模式 ..........................................................................265
16.2 使用 CubeMX 软件生成工程....................................................................265
16.3 编程流程分析............................................................................................268
16.4 DMA 存储器到外设代码实现 ..................................................................268
第 17 章 SysTick—系统滴答定时器...................................................................273
17.1 SysTick 介绍 ...............................................................................................273
17.2 相关寄存器介绍........................................................................................273
17.3 系统滴答定时器硬件设计........................................................................274
17.4 STM32CubeMX 生成工程..........................................................................274
17.5 SysTick 编程流程分析 ...............................................................................276
17.6 SysTick 实现定时代码实现.......................................................................276
第 18 章 TIM-基本定时器 .................................................................................279
18.1 基本定时器简介........................................................................................279
18.2 基本定时器功能框图................................................................................280
18.3 STM32CubeMX 生成工程..........................................................................282
18.4 TIM-基本定时器外设结构体....................................................................285
18.5 TIM6&TIM7 编程流程分析.......................................................................287
18.6 TIM6&TIM7 基本定时代码实现...............................................................287
第 19 章 TIM-高级控制定时器..........................................................................291
19.1 高级控制定时器........................................................................................291
19.2 输入捕获模式............................................................................................299
19.3 PWM 输入模式..........................................................................................300
19.4 强置输出模式............................................................................................302
19.5 输出比较模式............................................................................................302
19.6 PWM 模式..................................................................................................303
19.7 互补输出和死区插入................................................................................305
19.8 在外部事件时清除 OCxREF 信号 .............................................................305
19.9 产生六步 PWM 输出.................................................................................306
19.10 单脉冲模式............................................................................................307
19.11 编码器接口模式....................................................................................307
19.12 与霍尔传感器的接口............................................................................309
19.13 TIMx 定时器和外部触发的同步 ..........................................................310
19.14 STM32CubeMX 生成工程 .....................................................................312
19.15 高级控制定时器外设结构体................................................................314
STM32 技术开发手册

19.16 高级控制定时器生成 PWM 编程流程分析 ........................................316
19.17 高级控制定时器生成 PWM 代码实现 ................................................316
第 20 章 TIM-通用定时器（电容按键）...........................................................320
20.1 电容按键原理............................................................................................320
20.2 电容按键硬件设计....................................................................................322
20.3 STM32Cube 生成工程...............................................................................322
20.4 触摸按键外设结构体................................................................................325
20.5 触摸按键编程流程分析............................................................................326
20.6 触摸按键代码实现....................................................................................326
第 21 章 TIM-通用定时器（呼吸灯）...............................................................332
21.1 呼吸灯功能实现........................................................................................332
21.2 使用 CubeMX 软件生成代码....................................................................333
21.3 呼吸灯编程流程分析................................................................................335
21.4 呼吸灯代码实现........................................................................................335
第 22 章 ADC-电压采集.....................................................................................339
22.1 STM32ADC 介绍.........................................................................................339
22.2 DMA 传输在 ADC 中的应用......................................................................345
22.3 ADC 硬件电路设计....................................................................................346
22.4 STM32CubeMX 生成工程..........................................................................346
22.5 ADC 外设机构体分析................................................................................349
22.6 ADC 编程流程分析....................................................................................350
22.7 基于 DMA 传输的多通道 AD 转换代码实现...........................................350
22.8 双 ADC 慢速交叉模式代码实现...............................................................354
第 23 章 DAC-电压输出.....................................................................................359
23.1 DAC 简介....................................................................................................359
23.2 DAC 硬件电路设计....................................................................................360
23.3 使用 CubeMX 生成 DAC 正弦波工程.......................................................361
23.4 DAC 外设结构体分析................................................................................365
23.5 DAC-正弦波编程流程分析........................................................................365
23.6 正弦波输出代码实现................................................................................365
23.7 可调电压输出代码实现............................................................................368
第 24 章 LCD-液晶显示 .....................................................................................371
24.1 LCD 简介 ....................................................................................................371
24.2 LCD 控制器简介 ........................................................................................371
24.3 FSMC 简介..................................................................................................374
24.4 LCD 硬件设计 ............................................................................................381
24.5 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................382
24.6 FSMC 外设结构体......................................................................................384
24.7 LCD 编程流程分析 ....................................................................................386
24.8 LCD 显示代码实现 ....................................................................................386
24.9 LCD-基本图形显示代码实现 ....................................................................395
第 25 章 LCD 显示中英文（字模在内部 FLASH） .............................................400
STM32 技术开发手册

25.1 ASCII 编码 ..................................................................................................400
25.2 字模............................................................................................................401
25.3 制作字模....................................................................................................401
25.4 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................405
25.5 LCD 显示字符及汉字编程流程分析 ........................................................405
25.6 LCD 显示字符代码实现 ............................................................................406
25.7 LCD 显示汉字代码实现 ............................................................................409
第 26 章 FSMC-外部 SRAM 实验 .......................................................................413
26.1 SRAM 简介.................................................................................................413
26.2 SRAM 硬件电路设计.................................................................................414
26.3 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................415
26.4 FSMC-外部 SRAM 外设结构体..................................................................417
26.5 FSMC-外部 SRAM 编程流程分析..............................................................418
26.6 FSMC-外部 SRAM 代码实现......................................................................418
26.7 FSMC-扩展 SRAM 内存管理代码实现......................................................422
第 27 章 SDIO-SD 卡..........................................................................................427
27.1 SDIO 简介...................................................................................................427
27.2 SD 卡物理结构 ..........................................................................................427
27.3 SDIO 功能框图...........................................................................................429
27.4 SDIO 总线...................................................................................................432
27.4.1 总线拓扑........................................................................................432
27.4.2 总线协议........................................................................................433
27.4.3 命令................................................................................................434
27.4.4 响应................................................................................................435
27.5 SDIO-SD 卡硬件电路设计 .........................................................................435
27.6 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................436
27.7 SDIO 外设结构体分析...............................................................................439
27.8 SDIO 编程流程分析...................................................................................441
27.9 SDIO-SD 卡读写代码实现 .........................................................................441
第 28 章 SDIO-基于 SD 卡的 FatFS 文件系统.....................................................446
28.1 文件系统....................................................................................................446
28.2 FatFS 简介..................................................................................................446
28.3 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................448
28.4 SDIO-FatFS 文件系统功能使用外设结构体.............................................450
28.5 SDIO-FatFS 文件系统功能使用编程流程分析.........................................450
28.6 SDIO-FatFS 文件系统功能使用代码实现.................................................451
第 29 章 SPI-串行 Flash.....................................................................................457
29.1 SPI 简介......................................................................................................457
29.1.1 SPI 物理层......................................................................................457
29.1.2 SPI 协议层......................................................................................458
29.2 SPI 框架剖析..............................................................................................460
29.3 SPI 通讯过程..............................................................................................461
STM32 技术开发手册

29.4 SPI-串行 Flash 硬件设计...........................................................................463
29.5 使用 CubeMX 软件生成工程....................................................................464
29.6 SPI-串行 Flash 结构体...............................................................................466
29.7 SPI-串行 Flash 编程流程分析 ...................................................................468
29.8 SPI-串行 Flash 代码实现...........................................................................468
第 30 章 SPI-基于串行 Flash 的 FatFS 文件系统................................................478
30.1 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................478
30.2 SPI-基于串行 Flash 的 FatFS 文件系统编程流程分析.............................480
30.3 SPI-基于串行 Flash 的 FatFS 文件系统代码实现.....................................480
第 31 章 I2C-EEPROM........................................................................................486
31.1 I2C 简介......................................................................................................486
31.1.1 I2C 物理层 .....................................................................................486
31.1.2 协议层............................................................................................487
31.2 STM32 的 I2C 特性及架构 ........................................................................489
31.3 I2C-EEPROM 硬件设计..............................................................................492
31.4 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................493
31.5 I2C-EEPROM 编程流程分析......................................................................495
31.6 I2C-EEPROM 代码实现（硬件）..............................................................495
31.7 I2C-EEPROM 代码实现（软件模拟）......................................................499
第 32 章 LCD-显示汉字（字库在 SD 卡）.........................................................507
32.1 中文编码....................................................................................................507
32.2 Unicode ......................................................................................................508
32.3 字模的生成................................................................................................509
32.4 LCD-显示函数（字库在 SD 卡）编程流程分析......................................510
32.5 LCD-显示函数（字库在 SD 卡）代码实现..............................................510
第 33 章 LCD-显示汉字（字库在串行 Flash） ..................................................517
33.1 烧写中文字库到串行 Flash ......................................................................517
33.1.1 烧写中文字库到串行 Flash 代码实现.........................................517
33.2 LCD-显示汉字（字库在串行 Flash）编程流程分析...............................519
33.3 LCD-显示汉字（字库在串行 Flash）代码实现.......................................519
第 34 章 LCD-显示图片(图片在 SD 卡) ..............................................................523
34.1 图片格式简介............................................................................................523
34.2 BMP 头文件格式.......................................................................................524
34.3 生成 BMP 图像..........................................................................................525
34.4 LCD-显示图片（图片在 SD 卡）结构体..................................................526
34.5 LCD-显示图片（图片在 SD 卡）编程流程分析......................................527
34.6 LCD-显示图片（图片在 SD 卡）代码实现..............................................527
34.7 LCD-液晶截图 ............................................................................................530
第 35 章 LCD-触摸画笔 .....................................................................................533
35.1 触摸屏简介................................................................................................533
35.1.1 电阻触摸屏检测原理....................................................................534
35.2 触摸屏硬件电路设计................................................................................535
STM32 技术开发手册

35.3 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................536
35.4 LCD-触摸画笔结构体分析 ........................................................................538
35.5 LCD-触摸画笔编程流程分析 ....................................................................538
35.6 LCD-触摸画笔代码实现 ............................................................................538
第 36 章 CAN-双机通信测试.............................................................................547
36.1 CAN 简介....................................................................................................547
36.1.1 CAN 物理层 ...................................................................................547
36.1.2 CAN 协议层 ...................................................................................550
36.2 STM32 的 CAN 外设简介 ..........................................................................555
36.2.1 CAN 总体描述 ...............................................................................555
36.3 CAN 通讯硬件电路设计............................................................................559
36.4 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................560
36.5 CAN-双机通信测试外设结构体分析 .......................................................562
36.6 CAN-双机通信测试编程流程分析 ...........................................................565
36.7 CAN-双机通信测试代码实现 ...................................................................565
第 37 章 RS-485 通信 ........................................................................................570
37.1 RS-485 通信简介 .......................................................................................570
37.2 RS-485 通信硬件电路分析 .......................................................................571
37.3 RS-485 通讯编程流程分析 .......................................................................571
37.4 RS-485 通讯代码实现 ...............................................................................572
第 38 章 以太网-W5500....................................................................................576
38.1 以太网简介................................................................................................576
38.2 以太网模型................................................................................................576
38.3 以太网分层概述........................................................................................577
38.4 以太网接入方案........................................................................................584
38.5 W5500 的 Socket 初始化 ..........................................................................585
38.6 W5500 相关例程功能简介.......................................................................586
38.7 以太网 W5500 硬件设计..........................................................................588
38.8 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................590
38.9 以太网-W5500 结构体..............................................................................592
38.10 TCP-Server 编程流程分析.....................................................................592
38.11 TCP-Server 代码实现.............................................................................593
第 39 章 WIFI-ESP8266......................................................................................598
39.1 ESP-8266 简介............................................................................................598
39.1.1 主要参数........................................................................................598
39.1.2 功能描述........................................................................................599
39.1.3 接口说明........................................................................................600
39.2 ESP-8266 硬件电路设计............................................................................601
39.3 手机端设置................................................................................................601
39.4 使用 CubeMX 生成工程............................................................................604
39.5 ESP8266 结构体.........................................................................................607
39.6 ESP-8266 手机控制开发板编程流程分析................................................607
STM32 技术开发手册

39.7 ESP-8266 手机控制开发板代码实现........................................................608